口水腺 - 口水腺發炎, 生炸腮

口水腺是分泌唾液的腺體。主要的口水腺有三對,分別是腮腺,頜下腺及舌下腺。
腮腺發大有很多原因,包括:


炎症性腫大
急性炎症包括流行性腮腺炎(即生炸腮),急性化膿性腮腺炎,又或是腮腺淋巴發炎。亦可以是慢性炎症,如結核性腮腺炎。

腮腺管結石
結石可導致腮腺管阻塞,導致腮腺發大甚至發炎。


腮腺腫瘤
腫瘤可分為良性及惡性。良性腫瘤包括多形腺瘤,腺淋巴瘤或肌上皮瘤;惡性腫瘤包括原發性腮腺癌及轉移癌。口水腺腫瘤的發生率占頭頸腫瘤的3％，而腮腺腫瘤占口水腺腫的80─85％。

大多數的腮腺腫瘤以良性的多形腺瘤居多，生長緩慢，病程可長達數年或十數年。另外一些瘤樣病變如第一腮裂囊腫,亦可導致腮腺脹大。


其他
部份藥物亦可導致腮腺脤大。另外,一些免疫性疾病,如舍格倫綜合症,亦可導致腮腺肥大。 腮腺肥大,會影響臉部外觀,嚴重的如影響吞咽,甚至呼吸。如屬急性炎症,會有發熱,疼痛甚至發燒等病征。

腮腺惡性腫瘤不易與良性腫瘤分辨。如腮腺惡性腫瘤快速長大,疼痛或出現臉癱,屬惡性腫瘤的機會便大大提高。應盡快找醫生診治,作進一步檢查及化驗。






參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

耳鳴

耳鳴是在沒有外來聲音刺激下而有聲音的感覺。耳鳴可分為『自覺性』及『他覺性』兩種。他覺性,耳鳴代表旁人亦可以聽到患者聽到的聲音。成因包括頸動脈陝窄,耳咽管肌肉失調,牙骹退化等。而自覺性耳鳴是只有患者才感到聲音的存在,通常由內耳及聽覺神經產生。

偶然出現並只維持數秒的耳鳴或是在極寧靜環境下出現的耳鳴,都是正常現像,不用過分擔心。若果耳鳴持續,或者有其他聽力病徵,便需要檢查治理。 耳鳴的聲調各有不同,包括蟬叫聲,風聲或機器聲,但如果耳鳴帶有脈搏跳動,便需加倍留心。



耳鳴治療方法

耳鳴如因弱聽引致,助聽器既可加強聽力,同時亦可減少耳鳴。耳鳴在寧靜環境會更為顯著,低音量的寛頻聲音如(收音機聲音或海浪聲)可有效減低耳鳴。焦慮和不安加大耳鳴的反應,處之泰然,加上適當的心輔導可有助減少情緒反應,。部份患者服用維他命補充劑或促進血液循環的藥物,都可有效控制病情。




參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

外耳炎

外耳道是由耳廓到耳膜的通道,當受到細菌感染, 便會引起外耳炎。

外耳炎成因
1. 時近夏季,游水時海水或泳池水容易流入外耳道, 造成潮濕,引致發炎。
2. 部份人士感到耳部痕癢或想清除耳垢時, 會用棉花棒或耳挖放入耳道,容易造成損傷, 引致發炎。
3. 濫用消炎耳藥水會導致外耳道中的益菌死亡,造成真菌性外耳炎。
4. 病人抵抗力弱, 如糖尿病,亦容易患上外耳炎。
5. 過敏性皮膚炎亦可引致過敏性外耳炎。

外耳炎治療
治療外耳炎, 要保持外耳道乾爽, 避免於不潔的水中游泳,減少蒸氣浴。在使用染髮劑及護髮用品時, 保持外耳道清潔。避免使用棉花棒放入耳道。大部份外耳炎只需要按耳鼻喉醫生指示使用抗生素藥水治理,如是真菌性耳炎 ,則要使用抗真菌耳藥水。

若發現外耳炎不能根治或不斷復發, 須找耳鼻喉醫生檢查, 找出外耳炎病因,才能有效治療。



參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

How the Voice Works(2)

The Vibrator: The larynx (or voice box) sits on top of the windpipe. It contains two vocal folds (also known as vocal cords) that open during breathing and close during swallowing and voice production. When we produce voice, the airstream passes between the two vocal folds that have come together. These folds are soft and are set into vibration by the passing airstream. They vibrate very fast – from 100 to 1000 times per second, depending on the pitch of the sound we make. Pitch is determined by the length and tension of the vocal folds, which are controlled by muscles in the larynx.

The Resonator: By themselves, the vocal folds produce a noise that sounds like simple buzzing, much like the mouthpiece on a trumpet. All of the structure above the folds, including the throat, nose, and mouth, are part of the resonator system. We can compare these structures to those of a horn or trumpet. The buzzing sound created by vocal fold vibration is changed by the shape of the resonator tract to produce our unique human sound.

When our voices are healthy, the three main parts work in harmony to provide effortless voice during speech and singing.

Reference information:  www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

How the Voice Works(1)

We rely on our voices every day to interact with others, and a healthy voice is critical for clear communication. But just as we walk without thinking about it, we usually speak without thinking how our body makes it happen. However, knowing how we make sound is useful to maintaining the health and effectiveness of our voices. So this year on World Voice Day, April 16, take a minute to learn how your voice works. The following overview describes the body parts that work together to produce the sounds we make when we speak and sing.

The main parts of voice production:

• The Power Source: Your Lungs

• The Vibrator: Your Voice Box

• The Resonator: Your Throat, Nose, Mouth, and Sinuses

The Power Source: The power for your voice comes from air that you exhale. When we inhale, the diaphragm lowers and the rib cage expands, drawing air into the lungs. As we exhale, the process reverses and air exits the lungs, creating an airstream in the trachea. This airstream provides the energy for the vocal folds in the voice box to produce sound. The stronger the airstream, the stronger the voice. Give your voice good breath support to create a steady strong airstream that helps you make clear sounds.

Reference information: www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. 

Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment 

and should not rely on the information above.