成人--- 睡眠窒息, 睡眠窒息症病徵, 睡眠窒息治療

鼻鼾十分普遍,無論成人或小童,很多人都會有這種問題。

鼻鼾是由於上呼吸道組織因睡眠時放鬆和收窄,在呼吸時引起振動所致。阻塞越嚴重,振動越大,鼾聲亦越大,但當到達完全全阻塞時,呼吸聲和鼻鼾聲都會停止,造成阻塞性睡眠窒息。

鼻鼾除了影響患者家人的睡眠,亦會對患者造成壓力,在工作會議或課堂中造成尷尬。甚至有患者為了減少與別人同房的機會而減少了旅遊或工幹的機會。



睡眠窒息
香港大約有4%的男性及2%的女性患上睡眠窒症。顧名思義,睡眠窒息症就是睡眠時停止了呼吸。根據國際診斷標準,睡眠中每小時多於五次超過十秒的呼吸停止,就是睡眠窒息症。 睡眠窒息症可分為阻塞性,中樞性及混合性三種。

阻塞性如上文所述是因阻塞而導致窒息,是最常見的一種。中樞性睡眠窒息症較為少見,代表中樞神經於睡眠時不能維持正常呼吸,成因可能是先天性,又或是中風或藥物引致。部份患者可能同時有阻塞性及中樞性睡眠窒息,便是混合性睡眠窒息症。

睡眠窒息的病徵包括鼻鼾, 呼吸間歇停止,早上不願起床,頭痛,口乾,日間疲倦,很容易打瞌睡,難以集中精神,影響學業或工作表現。如病情嚴重,更會於工作時入睡,如在駕駛或操作機 械時發生,更可能引致意外或人命傷亡。另外睡眠窒息亦可導致脾氣改變,記憶力及性功能衰退。 除以上病徵,睡眠窒息亦可引致不同的併發症,包括高血壓,心臟病,中風等。嚴重的甚至引致夢中猝死,切不可輕視。


診斷方法
睡眠窒息需由睡眠測試診斷。患者可選擇到醫院留醫一晚或由睡眠測試公司上門為患者進行測試。


阻塞性睡眠窒息的治療
日常生活中,患者需注意飲食,定時運動,減輕體重。另外,作息要定時,避免煙酒。安眠藥,鎮靜劑會增加阻塞的情況,應盡量避免。

正氣壓呼吸機是最安全及簡單的方法治療睡眠窒息。每晚睡覺時只需戴上呼吸機,不單窒息情況可以控制,鼻鼾聲亦可大大減少。唯部份病人未能適應睡覺時戴着面罩,需作另外治療。

睡眠手術針對不同的阻塞部位,以外科手術或射頻消融術把阻塞清除。成功率由40%到80%,需視乎不同個案而定。如阻塞部位不止一處, 可能要接受多於一次手術,手術後並有復發可能。

牙膠是套在上下牙齒的儀器,由牙科醫生為患者製造,於睡覺時戴上,可把下顎拉前,減少呼吸道阻塞。


何峯 耳鼻喉專科醫生





參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

正確認識睡眠衞生

 

有些人以為「數綿羊」能幫助入睡。事實上，在睡床上「數綿羊」反而提高自己的警覺性因而妨礙睡眠。

另有建議睡前喝牛奶或吃香蕉以助入睡，因為這些食品內含有色胺酸，而色胺酸是腦部製做血清素的原材料。理論上血清素能有助穩定情緒及睡眠，但實情是一般體內器官只有一層細胞薄膜，而腦部卻有兩層細胞薄膜，故食物中的色胺酸不能穿透兩層細胞薄膜到達腦部。盲目地在睡前進食牛奶及香蕉等高熱量食物，不能幫助入眠，反而增加肥胖的風險。

 

別以為睡不著起身看看電視節目，或是來個熱水浴可以幫助入眠，其實這樣反令人更精神。一般來說，在睡床上輾轉反側一會，再度入睡的機會更大。某些失眠人士可考慮改動睡床的擺放位置，或是更換新的床單、枕套，減低睡床與失眠的聯想。保持睡房整潔，減少擺放雜物亦可減低對睡眠的干擾。

參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

How the Voice Works(2)

The Vibrator: The larynx (or voice box) sits on top of the windpipe. It contains two vocal folds (also known as vocal cords) that open during breathing and close during swallowing and voice production. When we produce voice, the airstream passes between the two vocal folds that have come together. These folds are soft and are set into vibration by the passing airstream. They vibrate very fast – from 100 to 1000 times per second, depending on the pitch of the sound we make. Pitch is determined by the length and tension of the vocal folds, which are controlled by muscles in the larynx.

The Resonator: By themselves, the vocal folds produce a noise that sounds like simple buzzing, much like the mouthpiece on a trumpet. All of the structure above the folds, including the throat, nose, and mouth, are part of the resonator system. We can compare these structures to those of a horn or trumpet. The buzzing sound created by vocal fold vibration is changed by the shape of the resonator tract to produce our unique human sound.

When our voices are healthy, the three main parts work in harmony to provide effortless voice during speech and singing.

Reference information:  www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

How the Voice Works(1)

We rely on our voices every day to interact with others, and a healthy voice is critical for clear communication. But just as we walk without thinking about it, we usually speak without thinking how our body makes it happen. However, knowing how we make sound is useful to maintaining the health and effectiveness of our voices. So this year on World Voice Day, April 16, take a minute to learn how your voice works. The following overview describes the body parts that work together to produce the sounds we make when we speak and sing.

The main parts of voice production:

• The Power Source: Your Lungs

• The Vibrator: Your Voice Box

• The Resonator: Your Throat, Nose, Mouth, and Sinuses

The Power Source: The power for your voice comes from air that you exhale. When we inhale, the diaphragm lowers and the rib cage expands, drawing air into the lungs. As we exhale, the process reverses and air exits the lungs, creating an airstream in the trachea. This airstream provides the energy for the vocal folds in the voice box to produce sound. The stronger the airstream, the stronger the voice. Give your voice good breath support to create a steady strong airstream that helps you make clear sounds.

Reference information: www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. 

Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment 

and should not rely on the information above.