Hoarseness

 

 

 

 

Abnormal changes in the voice are called “hoarseness.” When hoarse, the voice may sound breathy, raspy, strained, or show changes in volume or pitch (depending on how high or low the voice is). Voice changes are related to disorders in the sound-producing parts (vocal folds) of the voice box (larynx). While breathing, the vocal folds remain apart. When speaking or singing, they come together and, as air leaves the lungs, they vibrate, producing sound. Swelling or lumps on the vocal folds hinder vibration, altering voice quality, volume, and pitch.

Reference information:  www.ent-hk.com

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

成人--- 睡眠窒息, 睡眠窒息症病徵, 睡眠窒息治療

鼻鼾十分普遍,無論成人或小童,很多人都會有這種問題。

鼻鼾是由於上呼吸道組織因睡眠時放鬆和收窄,在呼吸時引起振動所致。阻塞越嚴重,振動越大,鼾聲亦越大,但當到達完全全阻塞時,呼吸聲和鼻鼾聲都會停止,造成阻塞性睡眠窒息。

鼻鼾除了影響患者家人的睡眠,亦會對患者造成壓力,在工作會議或課堂中造成尷尬。甚至有患者為了減少與別人同房的機會而減少了旅遊或工幹的機會。



睡眠窒息
香港大約有4%的男性及2%的女性患上睡眠窒症。顧名思義,睡眠窒息症就是睡眠時停止了呼吸。根據國際診斷標準,睡眠中每小時多於五次超過十秒的呼吸停止,就是睡眠窒息症。 睡眠窒息症可分為阻塞性,中樞性及混合性三種。

阻塞性如上文所述是因阻塞而導致窒息,是最常見的一種。中樞性睡眠窒息症較為少見,代表中樞神經於睡眠時不能維持正常呼吸,成因可能是先天性,又或是中風或藥物引致。部份患者可能同時有阻塞性及中樞性睡眠窒息,便是混合性睡眠窒息症。

睡眠窒息的病徵包括鼻鼾, 呼吸間歇停止,早上不願起床,頭痛,口乾,日間疲倦,很容易打瞌睡,難以集中精神,影響學業或工作表現。如病情嚴重,更會於工作時入睡,如在駕駛或操作機 械時發生,更可能引致意外或人命傷亡。另外睡眠窒息亦可導致脾氣改變,記憶力及性功能衰退。 除以上病徵,睡眠窒息亦可引致不同的併發症,包括高血壓,心臟病,中風等。嚴重的甚至引致夢中猝死,切不可輕視。


診斷方法
睡眠窒息需由睡眠測試診斷。患者可選擇到醫院留醫一晚或由睡眠測試公司上門為患者進行測試。


阻塞性睡眠窒息的治療
日常生活中,患者需注意飲食,定時運動,減輕體重。另外,作息要定時,避免煙酒。安眠藥,鎮靜劑會增加阻塞的情況,應盡量避免。

正氣壓呼吸機是最安全及簡單的方法治療睡眠窒息。每晚睡覺時只需戴上呼吸機,不單窒息情況可以控制,鼻鼾聲亦可大大減少。唯部份病人未能適應睡覺時戴着面罩,需作另外治療。

睡眠手術針對不同的阻塞部位,以外科手術或射頻消融術把阻塞清除。成功率由40%到80%,需視乎不同個案而定。如阻塞部位不止一處, 可能要接受多於一次手術,手術後並有復發可能。

牙膠是套在上下牙齒的儀器,由牙科醫生為患者製造,於睡覺時戴上,可把下顎拉前,減少呼吸道阻塞。


何峯 耳鼻喉專科醫生





參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

正確認識睡眠衞生

 

有些人以為「數綿羊」能幫助入睡。事實上，在睡床上「數綿羊」反而提高自己的警覺性因而妨礙睡眠。

另有建議睡前喝牛奶或吃香蕉以助入睡，因為這些食品內含有色胺酸，而色胺酸是腦部製做血清素的原材料。理論上血清素能有助穩定情緒及睡眠，但實情是一般體內器官只有一層細胞薄膜，而腦部卻有兩層細胞薄膜，故食物中的色胺酸不能穿透兩層細胞薄膜到達腦部。盲目地在睡前進食牛奶及香蕉等高熱量食物，不能幫助入眠，反而增加肥胖的風險。

 

別以為睡不著起身看看電視節目，或是來個熱水浴可以幫助入眠，其實這樣反令人更精神。一般來說，在睡床上輾轉反側一會，再度入睡的機會更大。某些失眠人士可考慮改動睡床的擺放位置，或是更換新的床單、枕套，減低睡床與失眠的聯想。保持睡房整潔，減少擺放雜物亦可減低對睡眠的干擾。

參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

How the Voice Works(2)

The Vibrator: The larynx (or voice box) sits on top of the windpipe. It contains two vocal folds (also known as vocal cords) that open during breathing and close during swallowing and voice production. When we produce voice, the airstream passes between the two vocal folds that have come together. These folds are soft and are set into vibration by the passing airstream. They vibrate very fast – from 100 to 1000 times per second, depending on the pitch of the sound we make. Pitch is determined by the length and tension of the vocal folds, which are controlled by muscles in the larynx.

The Resonator: By themselves, the vocal folds produce a noise that sounds like simple buzzing, much like the mouthpiece on a trumpet. All of the structure above the folds, including the throat, nose, and mouth, are part of the resonator system. We can compare these structures to those of a horn or trumpet. The buzzing sound created by vocal fold vibration is changed by the shape of the resonator tract to produce our unique human sound.

When our voices are healthy, the three main parts work in harmony to provide effortless voice during speech and singing.

Reference information:  www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

How the Voice Works(1)

We rely on our voices every day to interact with others, and a healthy voice is critical for clear communication. But just as we walk without thinking about it, we usually speak without thinking how our body makes it happen. However, knowing how we make sound is useful to maintaining the health and effectiveness of our voices. So this year on World Voice Day, April 16, take a minute to learn how your voice works. The following overview describes the body parts that work together to produce the sounds we make when we speak and sing.

The main parts of voice production:

• The Power Source: Your Lungs

• The Vibrator: Your Voice Box

• The Resonator: Your Throat, Nose, Mouth, and Sinuses

The Power Source: The power for your voice comes from air that you exhale. When we inhale, the diaphragm lowers and the rib cage expands, drawing air into the lungs. As we exhale, the process reverses and air exits the lungs, creating an airstream in the trachea. This airstream provides the energy for the vocal folds in the voice box to produce sound. The stronger the airstream, the stronger the voice. Give your voice good breath support to create a steady strong airstream that helps you make clear sounds.

Reference information: www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. 

Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment 

and should not rely on the information above.

如何治療打鼻鼾 ?

 


打鼻鼾成因
 
打鼻鼾是由於睡覺時，患者的肌肉完全放鬆，其舌頭和吊鐘部位會向後墮或咽喉組織過多，而引致空氣不能順利通過，造成氣管阻塞，要用力呼吸才可以通過障礙物，形成鼻鼾。患者通常是過胖，其中以中年男士居多。打鼻鼾是睡眠窒息症的先兆，不容忽視。


射頻手術 - 治療打鼻鼾

現今醫學昌明，打鼻鼾已可以透過微創射頻手術治療，耳鼻喉專科醫生會利用射頻以65至80度的熱力把阻塞咽喉的軟組織去除。射頻手術會於局部麻醉下進行，過程大約十五分鐘，可減輕打鼻鼾和睡眠窒息症的症狀。微創手術後，大約4至6個星期後會出現效果，幾個月後效果會越見明顯。手術功效可維持1至2年，直至軟組織重新生長。


射頻手術後處理
 
耳鼻喉專科醫生會處方血管收縮素噴劑、消炎藥等藥物，以減輕手術後的不適和發炎機會。每一項手術也有其風險，射頻治療有機會出現流血、發炎和黏膜潰瘍等併發症，出現併發症的機率少於1%。

射頻療程過程快捷，只有少量不適，手術後毋需住院，但病狀有復發的可能。







資料來源: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

小童晚上睡覺時常鼻塞

 

小童鼻塞,可以是鼻敏感,可留意家居環境。


日常應注意,環境衛生,減少致敏原(如塵埃螨)的接觸。床單,被鋪應憑勤換,空調的隔塵網應定時清潔。植物,寵物,毛公仔亦可引起敏感,應盡量避免。


每天用鹽水清洗鼻腔,可減少徵狀。如情況持續,可使用藥物治療,一般鼻敏感藥(抗組織胺劑)都可以控制情況。另外,消炎噴劑亦是很有效的治療方法,雖然含有類固醇,但劑量少及吸收量低,很少有副作用。如情況嚴重,應找耳鼻喉醫生檢查。 除了鼻敏感,亦可能是在鼻咽的腺樣體肥大,阻塞鼻腔所致,除了引起鼻塞,可容易導致鼻竇炎,需以外科手術切除。


發現小朋友睡覺時鼻塞,亦要留意有否鼻鼾, 因可能是睡眠窒息的病徵。如忽略了,可導致注意力不能集中,學業受到影響,甚至影響腦部發展。睡眠窒息的小朋友長大後亦更容易患上高血壓,心臟病等。大部份睡眠窒息的小朋友,經割除扁桃腺及腺樣體後都可痊癒。










參考資料: www.ent-hk.com/
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。