兒童流鼻血

小朋友流鼻血很常見。由於小朋友的鼻黏膜較簿,血管容易受損出血,尤其是鼻中隔的「利特民血管叢帶」(Little’s Area)。

小朋友流鼻血通常屬於前鼻道流血,原因很多,包括:


1. 乾燥天氣,鼻膜容易結痂出血。


2. 兒童挖鼻孔或家長為兒童清潔鼻孔時弄傷鼻膜而流血。


3. 鼻敏感導致鼻膜充血,鼻癢時挖鼻或大力打噴嚏時,都會造成出血。


4. 創傷包括意外或受襲等。


5. 凝血問題,如「維勒布蘭德氏病」(von Williebrand’s disease)，或是免疫性血小板缺乏紫班症(Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)，甚至是白血病等。


當小孩流鼻血時,家長毋須緊張,應叫孩子頭部前傾,以手指按著兩邊鼻翼,向著鼻中隔骨加壓,同事叫孩子張開嘴巴,以口部呼吸。


如有血液從口部流出嘴巴,不用恐慌。正常情況下,按壓五分鐘便能止血。如情況持續,便需延醫處理。


小孩間中流鼻血,而又可以於短時間內受控制,家長不用擔心。相反,若孩子經常流鼻血,或有原因不明的皮膚瘀傷,或流牙血,或面色蒼白,持續發燒,就要盡快求醫。







參考資料: www.ent-hk.com 

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，

應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

Allergic rhinitis

 

Allergic rhinitis is a global health problem affecting 10% to 20% of the population. It represents an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

The symptoms of Allergic rhinitis include sneezing, nasal discharge, postnasal dribbling, nasal obstruction and nasal itchiness. It affects social life, sleep, work and school. Serious Allergic rhinitis may lead to sinusitis, asthma, etc.

Allergic rhinitis can be seasonal or perennial. Outdoor allergens (e.g. pollen) appear to constitute a greater risk for seasonal rhinitis than indoor allergens and indoor allergens (e.g. house dust mite) a greater risk for perennial rhinitis.




Reference information: ent-hk.com
It is not intended as medical advice to any specific person. If you have any need for personal advice or have any questions regarding your health, please consult your ENT doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

慢性鼻竇炎和鼻敏感分別

很多人都把慢性鼻竇炎和鼻敏感混淆，其實兩者有很大分別。鼻敏感的徵狀主要是鼻子發癢和流清涕；而慢性鼻竇炎就會令人頭痛及臉痛、鼻涕變得黏稠且呈黃綠色或帶有紅色、鼻涕有異味，嚴重時鼻內分泌物甚至會倒流至咽頭而引起咳嗽。


由於它和感冒的病徵很相似，亦有不少人把鼻竇炎誤以為是感冒。



 

鼻竇炎雖然令人煩惱，可是並不難治療。耳鼻喉專科醫生大多會處方抗生素予患者。如果服藥後仍然未能痊癒的話，就可能是鼻子結構出現問題。


醫生會為患者的鼻子作掃瞄，看看鼻隔骨有否歪斜、膨脹或瘜肉現象，如果發現鼻子有以上問題的話，就可能要動手術糾正，令鼻內空氣保持流通，減少感染機會。


其實，要杜絕鼻竇炎，除了手術外，最重要還是保持上呼吸道暢通，預防鼻敏感及傷風感冒，鼻子暢通，受感染發炎的機會就會少得多。





參考資料: http://www.ent-hk.com/ 
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

外耳炎

外耳道是由耳廓到耳膜的通道,當受到細菌感染, 便會引起外耳炎。

外耳炎成因

1. 時近夏季,游水時海水或泳池水容易流入外耳道, 造成潮濕,引致發炎。
2. 部份人士感到耳部痕癢或想清除耳垢時, 會用棉花棒或耳挖放入耳道,容易造成損傷, 引致發炎。
3. 濫用消炎耳藥水會導致外耳道中的益菌死亡,造成真菌性外耳炎。
4. 病人抵抗力弱, 如糖尿病,亦容易患上外耳炎。
5. 過敏性皮膚炎亦可引致過敏性外耳炎。

外耳炎治療

治療外耳炎, 要保持外耳道乾爽, 避免於不潔的水中游泳,減少蒸氣浴。在使用染髮劑及護髮用品時, 保持外耳道清潔。避免使用棉花棒放入耳道。大部份外耳炎只需要按耳鼻喉醫生指示使用抗生素藥水治理,如是真菌性耳炎 ,則要使用抗真菌耳藥水。

若發現外耳炎不能根治或不斷復發, 須找耳鼻喉醫生檢查, 找出外耳炎病因,才能有效治療。



參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

正確認識睡眠衞生

 

有些人以為「數綿羊」能幫助入睡。事實上，在睡床上「數綿羊」反而提高自己的警覺性因而妨礙睡眠。

另有建議睡前喝牛奶或吃香蕉以助入睡，因為這些食品內含有色胺酸，而色胺酸是腦部製做血清素的原材料。理論上血清素能有助穩定情緒及睡眠，但實情是一般體內器官只有一層細胞薄膜，而腦部卻有兩層細胞薄膜，故食物中的色胺酸不能穿透兩層細胞薄膜到達腦部。盲目地在睡前進食牛奶及香蕉等高熱量食物，不能幫助入眠，反而增加肥胖的風險。

 

別以為睡不著起身看看電視節目，或是來個熱水浴可以幫助入眠，其實這樣反令人更精神。一般來說，在睡床上輾轉反側一會，再度入睡的機會更大。某些失眠人士可考慮改動睡床的擺放位置，或是更換新的床單、枕套，減低睡床與失眠的聯想。保持睡房整潔，減少擺放雜物亦可減低對睡眠的干擾。

參考資料: www.ent-hk.com
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途，如果你有任何醫療問題，
應向自己的耳鼻喉專科醫生查詢，而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

How the Voice Works(2)

The Vibrator: The larynx (or voice box) sits on top of the windpipe. It contains two vocal folds (also known as vocal cords) that open during breathing and close during swallowing and voice production. When we produce voice, the airstream passes between the two vocal folds that have come together. These folds are soft and are set into vibration by the passing airstream. They vibrate very fast – from 100 to 1000 times per second, depending on the pitch of the sound we make. Pitch is determined by the length and tension of the vocal folds, which are controlled by muscles in the larynx.

The Resonator: By themselves, the vocal folds produce a noise that sounds like simple buzzing, much like the mouthpiece on a trumpet. All of the structure above the folds, including the throat, nose, and mouth, are part of the resonator system. We can compare these structures to those of a horn or trumpet. The buzzing sound created by vocal fold vibration is changed by the shape of the resonator tract to produce our unique human sound.

When our voices are healthy, the three main parts work in harmony to provide effortless voice during speech and singing.

Reference information:  www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment and should not rely on the information above.

How the Voice Works(1)

We rely on our voices every day to interact with others, and a healthy voice is critical for clear communication. But just as we walk without thinking about it, we usually speak without thinking how our body makes it happen. However, knowing how we make sound is useful to maintaining the health and effectiveness of our voices. So this year on World Voice Day, April 16, take a minute to learn how your voice works. The following overview describes the body parts that work together to produce the sounds we make when we speak and sing.

The main parts of voice production:

• The Power Source: Your Lungs

• The Vibrator: Your Voice Box

• The Resonator: Your Throat, Nose, Mouth, and Sinuses

The Power Source: The power for your voice comes from air that you exhale. When we inhale, the diaphragm lowers and the rib cage expands, drawing air into the lungs. As we exhale, the process reverses and air exits the lungs, creating an airstream in the trachea. This airstream provides the energy for the vocal folds in the voice box to produce sound. The stronger the airstream, the stronger the voice. Give your voice good breath support to create a steady strong airstream that helps you make clear sounds.

Reference information: www.ent-hk.com/

The information aims to provide educational purpose only. 

Anyone reading it should consult ENT Specialists before considering treatment 

and should not rely on the information above.